\documentstyle[11pt,ascmac,manual,hyper]{jarticle}

\parindent 1em

\input{title.tex}

\begin{document}

\opening{WinMorph}{Tutorial}{Tokyo University of Foreign
Studies\ Sano Laboratory}

\clearpage
\pagenumbering{arabic}

%\title{ WinMorph Tutorial }
%=================
%\date{January 31, 1999}
%\author{}

%\maketitle 

\newpage

\section{\sl On This Document}
%===================
{\bf This tutorial features Winmorph : } 

Winmorph is a workbench to create rule files for
morphological analysis, which uses a morphological analysis
engine (Breakfast(R), Anima(R)).

In this tutorial, steps to make up morphological analysis
application which is executed by Winmorph, and how to 
create
morphological analysis rules and dictionaries are provided
 as the subject.


\subsection{Prerequisites}
%=============
This tutorial is designed for those who have never used
Winmorph before.  Comprehension of the conception of
morphological analysis and knowledge of these analysis 
rules or dictionaries are not required.

If you are new to  the  
use of GUI based applications, refer to
your platform (especially your operating system) manuals, 
  in particular to know  about 
dialogical operations of the application with a  mouse .


\subsection{Documentation Roadmap}
%=====================
\begin{indention}{1.5cm}
\noindent
\writeout{*Chapter 1}:   On This Document

\writeout{*Chapter 2}:   Installing Winmorph 

\writeout{*Chapter 3}:   The Basic Operations of Winmorph

\hspace*{2.1cm} 
                         (Starting, Quitting and Window)

\hspace*{2.1cm}                                           
                          The User Interface of Winmorph etc.
 
\writeout{*Chapter 4}:   Morphological Analysing with Winmorph 

\writeout{*Chapter 5}:   Explanation of the Conception of
 Morphological Analysis 
\hspace*{2.1cm} 
                          (of Japanese text) and the way of 
making up  morphological  
\hspace*{2.1cm} 
                          analysis rules and building dictionaries 
 
\writeout{Appendix (Glossary)}:

\hspace*{2.1cm}  Technical Terms used in this tutorial and
 the interface of

\hspace*{2.1cm}  Winmorph 


\end{indention}


\subsection{Conventions Used in the Document}
%================================
  This section explains conventional rules used in the
document to distinguish technical terms, the structure of
computer language, mouse buttons, and operations by
keyboard.
 

\subsubsection*{Font Styles}

Several font styles are used for emphasis throughout the
document for different purposes.  They are as follows :
\\
\\

\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}\hline
Examples  &     Description \\\hline\hline
 .....    &                 \\\hline
\end{tabular}\\

\subsubsection*{Special Symbols}

They are as follows :
\\
\\

\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}\hline
%------------------------------------------------------------
Examples &      Description \\\hline\hline
%------------------------------------------------------------
.....    &   \\

注意(Caution) &   describes information ; to ignore this
 might cause the loss of data. \\\hline    

警告(Warning)   & describes information ; to ignore this
 might cause damage to the  system. \\\hline    
%------------------------------------------------------------
\end{tabular}
\\

\subsubsection*{Rules for the Screen}

Hard copies of the screen will be used to tell the results of various operations as the samples.


\subsubsection*{Mouse}

 Terms to describe operations with a mouse are as follows :
\\
\\

\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}\hline
%------------------------------------------------------------
Notations in this document  &  Description of operations
 \\\hline\hline
%------------------------------------------------------------
click   & Press the left button of the mouse and
 release.\\\hline 

double-click &  Press the left button of the mouse twice,
 not moving the pointer. \\\hline
%------------------------------------------------------------
\end{tabular}

\subsection
{Other resources}
%---------------
You can also use the following references and manuals as well : 

\subsubsection*{Online documents}
%----------------
PDF documents can be referred using Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Web documents can be referred to using your favourite web
browser.


\section{\sl Installing WinMorph}
%=========
This chapter covers the following information :

\begin{itemize}
\item  Installing Winmorph 

\item  Installing Breakfast

\item  Extracting wjpmph15

\item  Setting up VisualBasic5.0

\item  Setting up VisualBasic5.0 ServicePack3

\end{itemize}


\subsection{Setting Up the Environment}
   Information in this section is provided in connection
with platform system for using Winmorph. 

\begin{enumerate}
\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{(\arabic{enumi})}
\item {\it Downloading Winmorph(in Win Zip format)} \\
%----------------------------------
Winmorph is distributed in ZIP format archive, which can be
      extracted with WinZip(R) (shareware from Nico Mak
      Computing, Inc.).  You can download Win Zip from : \\

  http://www.winzip.com/

The site to load Winmorph for free is : \\

  ftp://ftp.icot.or.jp/

\item { }
\begin{enumerate}
\item {\it Extracting with Win Zip} 

%--------------------------
\begin{description}
\item [1] Start File Manager or Explorer.  Double-click
            ``Winmorph.zip" to start Win Zip.  

\item [2] Click the ``Open" button to open the ``Open Archive"
            window.

    Select Winmorph.zip and open the file. 

\item [3] Click the ``Extract" button to open up the
            ``Extract" window. 

\item [4] Specify the folder you want the archive extracted
            into.  For example, answering ``C:Y\llap= 
            morph" will extract the files into the ``morph"
            folder on your C drive. 

 Click the [Extract] button.  If Winmorph is successfully
            extracted, the C:Y\llap=morph folder will contain 
            23 files, as ``AsycFilt.dil",  ``GAPI32.dil", 
             ``winmorph.exe", etc.  

\item [5] Close Win Zip. 

\end {description}

\item {\it Setting Up Winmorph}
%-----------------------
\begin {description}
\item [1] Double-click ``Setup.exe" included in the 
Winmorph
            folder created in 4.1.  Click [OK] to open the
            set-up window. 


\item [2] Click the upper right button in the [Win Morph 
セットアップ (set-up Winmorph)] window to start the Set-up
            wizard. 

\item [3] Set-up is completed. 

\end{description}

\end{enumerate}


\item{\it Installing Breakfast}
%-----------------------
You can download Breakfast from :
\\
  URL http://www.fujitsu.co.jp/hypertext/breakfast/download.html
\\
Here you can also check information on how to install
      the software.


\item{ }
\begin{enumerate}
\item{\it Extracting wjpmph15} 
%-----------------------

    {\bf wjpmph15} is the IFS general Japanese 
     morphological     analysis
     grammar rule, which was developed at Tokyo University
     of Foreign Studies.  LAX(morphological analysis
     system), part of the ICOT free software, was ported and
     revised for JUMAN 2.0 (morphological analysis system
     released from Matsumoto Laboratory, Nara Institute of
     Science and Technology). On this basis, wjpmph15 was
     built up, which also includes new deta as a dictionary
     of analysis.

This morphological analysis grammar rule is able to analyse
      Japanese subsets morphologically.  The system of the
     structure of form, which this morphological analysis
     rules requires on the condition, does not depend on 
     the
     system of parts in structural grammar as much as
     possible.  Thus the analysis result is highly
     independent, and can be widely used from language
     research to application development.

You can download wjpmph15.tgz from :
\\
  URL
     http://www.fujitsu.co.jp/hypertest/breakfast/download.
html


The file is archived with TGZ (tar gzipped) format, which
     can be extracted with Win Zip.  Successfully extracted,
     folders and files, e.g. ``dic", ``dict", ``rule",
     ``README.txt" will be created.


\item{\it Copy the ``dic" dictionary}
%-----------------------------

     Copy the ``dic" folder extracted in 4.1 to the 
Winmorph folder created in 2.1.

Using Explorer, you can do this by the ``drag and drop"
     operation.

     Point to the ``dic" folder.  Press the right button of
     the mouse, and before releasing it, move the pointer 
     to the Winmorph directory.  Releasing the button will 
     open up the menus.  Choose the ``Copy" key.

\end{enumerate}

\end{enumerate}


\subsection*{To Modify the Source Code}
%=========================

Information in this section includes the maintenance of  
your platform system to modify the source code for Winmorph.

Winmorph is developed with Microsoft(R) Visual Basic(R) 5.0.
In order to modify the code, you need to set-up Visual Basic
5.0.

Follow the steps as described below to maintain the
developmental system :

\begin{itemize}
\item \it Setting up VisualBasic5.0 \\
%----------------------------
To use the Winmorph application, set-up ``VB5.0".
Select the ``標準(standard) set-up" in this installation.

\item \it Apply Visual Basic Service Pack 3 \\
%----------------------------------
You can download Visual Basic Service Pack 3 from 
Microsoft's web site.

Find this service pack at the following location : 
\\
 Microsoft Corporation 

 URL http://www.microsoft.com/

Clicking the self extracting file will extract files in a
      folder named ``Vs97\_sp3".   See such folders or
      files as `all',`deu', `seup.inf',`seup.exe' created
      in the ``Vs97\_sp3" folder.   

Clicking ``Setup.exe" in the ``Vs97\_sp3" folder will apply
      Service Pack 3 to Visual Basic 5.0. 

Click ``Help" $\rightarrow$ ``Version" on the Visual Basic
      menus to check whether Service Pack 3 is correctly
      applied or 
      not. If the installation is succeeded, you can see 
      `SP3' on your display when you set-up ``VB5.0". 

\item \it Winmorph (source code)
%-------------------------

The source code of Winmorph is distributed in ZIP format
archive, which can be extracted with WinZip(R).
\end{itemize}


\section{\sl Basic Operation and Interface}

This chapter covers the following information :

\begin{itemize}
\item Starting Winmorph
\item The Composition of Winmorph Window
\item The Usage of the Interface for Winmorph    
\item Quitting Winmorph
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Relating Winmorph...}
%-------------

Winmorph is a workbench to create rule and dictionary files
for morphological analysis of Japanese text with using a
morphological analysis engine named Breakfast(R).

Winmorph enables you to modify the present reference to the
rules for morphological analysis, delete or add one/some of
the existing dictionaries Winmorph already has, as well as
to create new references of them on your own.

With the following function of Winmorph, 
you can make up very easily some other individual rules or
 dictionaries for executing this analysis.

\begin{itemize}
\item  Creating rules and dictionaries for morphological
       analysis :
\item  Modification for the current rules or dictionaries,
       and addition to them     :
\item  Compiling and creating a package of rules and
       dictionaries, and testing analysis      by some 
       optional package of them :
\end{itemize}  


\subsection{Settig up Winmorph} 
%---------------

The instructions in this section assume that Winmorph and
Breakfast are already installed on your platform.
You should note this in advance of the set-up of Winmorph.
$<$download:  Breakfast$>$\\
     http://www.fujitsu.co.jp/hypertext/breakfast/download.
html  \\

\begin{enumerate}
\item Select and double-click the `winmorph.exe' file (ex. 
{\it Path:}
      C:Y\llap=morphY\llap=winmorph.exe).
\item Or in another way, set-up from Windows platform as
      follows :

      \begin{enumerate}

       \item Click the  ``Open Selected File" menu in the
             task bar `start' menu,      and enter the path
             to ``winmorph.exe" file (ex.{\it Path:}  
             C:Y\llap=morphY\llap=winmorph.exe). 
       \item Click the  ``Enter" button, and  Winmorph will
             be set-up and displayed. 

      \end{enumerate}

\begin{itembox}[c]{\bf Note} 
   Make sure the path name of the file ``winmorph.exe" is
 the same one as when you set for the `extraction of 
 Winmorph' before.
 
\end{itembox}

\end{enumerate}

\subsection{The Outview of Winmorph}
%-------------------- 

Set up Winmorph, and the Winmorph window as follows (figure
\ref{Winmorph window}) will come up on your display.

%{\small \begin{verbatim} 
%        +---------------------------------
%        |
%        +---------------------------------
%        |
%        +---------------------------------
%        |
%        +---------------------------------
%        |
%        |
%        |
%        .....
%        |
%        +---------------------------------
%\end{verbatim} }

\bfg
\bmpfile(15cm,8cm){setup_window.bmp}
\efg{Winmorph window}

\subsection{Winmorph window}

%----------------

Winmorph window is shown as (figure \ref{Winmorph window(2)}):

This window has 4 regions of `title bar', `menu bar', `tool
bar', and `working region for text to input and output'.

\newpage

%{\small \begin{verbatim}
%                +---------------------------------
%                |
%title bar
%                +---------------------------------
%                |
%menu bar
%                +---------------------------------
%                |
%tool bar
%                +---------------------------------
%                |
%working region 
%  for text      |
%  to input 
%   and output   |
%                .....
%                |
%                +---------------------------------
%\end{verbatim} }

\bfg
\bmpfile(15cm,8cm){window.bmp}
\efg{Winmorph window(2)}

\subsubsection{Window Menus}

Selecting one of the menu functions in the menu bar, you 
 can access each function of Winmorph.

The summary of the context of the menu functions is
described in the following chart :

\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|p{2.5cm}||c|p{6.5cm}|}\hline
MENUS   & SUB MENUS  & \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{COMMANDS} \\\hline\hline
{\it ファイル}  &            & \\
{\it FILE}
         & 新規作成  & Opens 2  windows; the upper is  \\
         & NEW OPEN  & `text window', and the lower is `run
 analysis window'. \\\cline{2-3}

         & 開く      &  Shows the [ファイルを開く]``Open File" \\
         & OPEN      &  dialogue box, and then opens the
 selected file.       \\\cline{3-3}

         &           &  To open a file, you can     also `Drag
 \& Drop' your favourite text or file onto the upper text
 window with file manager or explorer.\\\cline{2-3}
                                         
         &上書き保存 &  Saves an editorial file as the same\\
         & SAVE      &  name.
 \\\cline{2-3}

    &名前をつけて保存& Shows the [名前を付けて保存]``Save As"  \\
         & SAVE AS   &  dialogue box, and saves  an editorial
 file as the file name entered in the box.  \\\cline{2-3}

         &  印刷     &  Shows the [印刷] ``Print" dialogue box,\\
         &  PRINT    &   and prints the selected range
 of the text in an editorial file.\\\cline{2-3}

&エディタを閉じる    &  Closes the application of
 Winmorph,\\    
 &CLOSE(CLOSE WINMORPH)&  with a message inquiring to/not 
to save the text of an editorial file.
\\\hline

{\it 編集}  &   &           \\
{\it EDIT}   
   &    元に戻す     &  Undoes  (Cancels the previous 1 edit \\
   &    UNDO         & operation). 
        　　 \\\cline{2-3}
   &    切り取り     &  Cuts the  selected text, and it
copies  \\
   &     CUT         &  on clipboard. \\\cline{2-3}
   &     コピー      &  Copies the selected text on clipboard.\\ 
   &     COPY        &     \\\cline{2-3}
                     
   &   貼り付け      &  Pasts the text copied on clipboard
 \\
   &    PASTE        &   at the point of the cursor. 
 \\\cline{2-3}
  
   &     削除        &  Deletes the selected text.\\
   &    DELETE       &                         
 \\\cline{2-3}

   &    すべて選択   &  Selects all the range of the
 temporary\\ 
   &     SELECT ALL  &   text   in edit.           
\\\hline

{\it 検索}   &       & \\
{\it SEARCH}
&     検索           &  Shows the [文字列の検索] ``Search \\
&      SEARCH        &   String" dialogue box, and finds out
 the string entered in the box.\\\cline{2-3}
&       次を検索     & (almost the same function as above) \\ 
&  SEARCH THE NEXT   & Finds the next string. 
\\\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|p{2.4cm}||c|p{6.0cm}|}\hline
MENUS   & SUB MENUS  & \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{COMMANDS}
 \\\hline\hline

{\it プロジェクト}&  &\\
{\it PROJECT}   
& プロジェクト定義   & Shows the [プロジェクト定義]\\ 
& DEFINE PROJECT     &  ``Define Project" dialogue box; 
 determine some `rule' or `dictionary'
 files.\\\cline{2-3} 
                
&  パーザ作成        & Shows the [パーザの作成] \\ 
&CREATE PARSER       & ``Create Parser" dialogue box, and 
creates a  parser based on the determined `rule' and
 `dictionary' files.   
 \\\cline{2-3}    

&   パーザ実行       & Analyses the text in text \\
&EXECUTE PARSER      & window with the created parser. 
 \\
\hline            

{\it 環境 }&&\\
{\it SYSTEM}
& 環境変数設定       & Sets system : the system on \\
&SET VALUABLE SYSTEM & setting the path  of Breakfast, how 
 to display the analysis, etc.\\\cline{2-3}
                                                        
&ツールバー表示      & Check here, and shows or hides \\
&SHOW/HIDE TOOL BAR   & the tool bar.\\\cline{2-3}
& ステータス表示     & Shows the temporary editorial 
 \\
&    SHOW STATUS     & status at the bottom of the Winmorph
    window. \\
\hline                        

\it リポジトリ&&\\
\it REPOSITORY
& 規則ファイル登録   & Shows the [規則ファイルの選択] \\
& REGISTER RULE FILE& ``Select  Rule File" dialogue box ;
 you can indicate rule files. \\\cline{2-3}
                                                 
&　辞書ファイル登録  & Shows the [辞書ファイルインデッ\\
& REGISTER DICTIONARY FILE
                     & クスの登録]``Register Dictionary
 Index File" dialogue box ; you can indicate dictionary files.
    \\\cline{2-3} 
                                
&リソースファイル登録& Determine the resource file.\\
& REGISTER RESOURCE FILE & \\
\hline
                          
\it パーザ切替      && Switches `chasen' or `breakfast' to \\
\it SWITCH PARSER   && the   other parser.  \\\hline
    
\it ウィンドウ     && You can select a window between \\
\it WINDOW         && text window and run analysis window
 for edit.      \\\hline
                      
\it ヘルプ         && Opens the guidance and online \\
\it HELP         　&& documents. \\\hline             
%-----------------------------------------------------------
\end{tabular}
\end{table}


\newpage

\subsubsection{TOOL BAR}

You may access easily by tool bar button, besides 
by using the menus in the menu bar of window,  
to each frequently run function for Winmorph.\\
 
The summary of the buttons is as below : \\

\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|p{2cm}|p{3cm}|p{7cm}|}\hline
BUTTONS   & COMMANDS  &  FUNCTIONS \\\hline\hline

\bmpfile(10mm,10mm){T-opennew.bmp} &  
        \shortstack{ \\新規作成\\
        NEW OPEN} & Opens 2 windows for text to
         input and output for the analysis.\\\hline
\bmpfile(10mm,10mm){T-open.bmp}

& 
         \shortstack{開く\\ OPEN}
          &     Opens an exiting file.\\\hline
          
\bmpfile(10mm,10mm){T-save.bmp} 
& 
        \shortstack{名前をつけて保存 \\ SAVE AS}
         & Saves a file as the same name. \\\hline 
         
\bmpfile(10mm,10mm){T-cut.bmp} 
& 
        \shortstack{切とり \\  CUT}  &   Cuts the selected text.\\\hline
        
\bmpfile(10mm,10mm){T-copy.bmp} 
&
        \shortstack{コピー \\ COPY} 
        &    Copys the selected text.\\\hline
        
\bmpfile(10mm,10mm){T-paste.bmp} 
&
        \shortstack{貼付け \\ PASTE} 
        &   Pastes the cut or copied text.\\\hline
        
\bmpfile(10mm,10mm){T-seek.bmp} 
&  
        \shortstack{検索 \\  SEARCH}  
        & Finds out the string entered in the box.\\\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\subsubsection{Windows to Execute Analysis of Text and
Display Analysis}      

\paragraph{Working Region for Text to Input and Output} 

  The basic function of morphological analysis is targeted
at running analysis and showing the result of the analysis.

  Working Region for Text to Input and Output is the region
of two windows to input text and output the result of that
 analysis.

  By `drag \& paste', you can paste text from other
application to the Winmorph window for inputting text ;
 as well, it is 
possible to paste text from the window for outputting,
as the result of the run analysis, to other application.
\\

\subsection{Quitting Winmorph}
%-----------------
  To quit Winmorph, click the [ファイル]``File" menu [終
了]``Close" button in the window.


\section{\sl Analysing with Winmorph}
%=========

This chapter covers the following information :       \\

   execution of morphological analysis with Winmorph

\begin{itemize}
\item To use the morphological analysis 
      functions of Breakfast interactionally 
      through Winmorph 
\item To make up software for morphological analysis with
      the       `wjpmph15' dictionary and execute
      morphological analysis
\end{itemize}

$\spadesuit$
 You need a morphological engine called `Breakfast' and a
morphological dictionary, `wjpmph15', which are already
installed to start execution of  morphological analysis
with Winmorph.

  Both are available for download from the web page below : 
\\
\\
     http://www.fujitsu.co.jp/\\
 (in this site, the instructions for installation are also
 covered)

\subsection{The Instructions of the Morphological Analysis}
%----------------
  There are two ways to run morphological analysis :
　
\begin{enumerate}
\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\theenumi\arabic{enumi}.}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Using the existing morphological analysis parser
      compiled before, \\
to execute analysis     
\item Using the morphological   analysis parser  created by
      yourself with \\
some morphological rules and dictionaries to execute analysis
\end{enumerate} 

\end{enumerate}  

\subsubsection {Preparation}

   Click ``Set-up Valuable System(環境変数設定)"      in the
menu bar, and enter the path to the ``cbf.exe" file
(executive binary file of Breakfast).


  For instance, type ``C:Y\llap= bfY\llap= 404Y\llap=
binY\llap= cbf.exe" as the full name of the file.


\subsubsection{Using the previously compiled parser in
morphological analysis}

 To run analysis through Winmorph using the compiled parser,
follow the      instructions as described below   :  

\begin{description} 

\item [1] Click ``winmorph.exe" in file manager or explorer,
            and set up  Winmorph.

\item [2] Select [新規作成 Open new(N)] in the menu bar [ファ
            イル File(F)] function and open    two working
            windows in the working region for input and       
            output of text.
 
\item []
    Text window for input is located above, and run analysis
     window for output is below. 

\item [3] Enter  Japanese text to analyse in text window. Or
            drag and drop text from other application and
             paste it there, if desire.

\item [4] Select [パーザの実行  Execute parser(P)] in the
            menu bar [プロジェクト Project(P)] function.

\item []
       The resulting analysis is output in run analysis        
            window after executing the analysis.  
      
\item [5] To save the data of the text : 

          Click the one window
            consisting of your favourite text to save.

      {\it For example, }
      if you want to save the result of the analysis, click
            run analysis window showing the analysed text.
        
      Select [上書き Save(S)]   or [名前をつけて保存 Save
            as(A)] in the menu bar [ファイル File(F)]
            function.   

       Without clicking directly on the window, you may 
            click and chose the desirable window for edit
            by  checking the name listed in the     menu bar [ウィ
            ンドウ Window(W)] function with your mouse. 

\end{description}

\begin{itembox}[l]{$\spadesuit$}

Instead of typing text in text window, if you use an
existing text file, already edited and saved,  see the
steps as follows :
  
  1. Select [新規作成 Open(O)] in the   menu bar [ファイル 
File(F)] function (as the step [2] shown before).
  
  2. Sort a file in the dialogue box and press the Open(開く)
key.

  And text window of which tilte bar is by the path name of the 
 selected file will be displayed in the upper side of the 
Winmorph window. 

\end{itembox}

\subsubsection { Compiling your own parser which consists of
morphological   rules and dictionaries}

  This section features how to compile a parser  with
morphological rules and dictionaries and execute analysis by 
Winmorph with the parser for receiving the result of the
analysis.

  To run analysis through Winmorph using the individual      
compiled parser, follow the steps as described below : 

\begin{description}
\item [1.] Click ``winmorph.exe" , and set up Winmorph.       

\item [2.] Register rule files by clicking [規則ファイル登録 
            Register rule file(R)] in the menu bar [リポジトリ 
            Repository(R)] function and sort the files.      
\item [3.] In this sort, type the path to `rc file', a
            classification dictionary   file (as to {\bf
            parts of speech}), and other files. 

      Or indicate the file paths by clicking   the [参照 
            Reference] button and selecting each
            corresponding rule file. 

      {\it For instance}, in case of `wjpmph15', if you make
            reference to and select the ``jumanrc" file from
             the Y\llap=dic folder as a `rc file' and click
            the [開く Open] key in      the dialogue box, all     
            the corresponding files will be set    
            automatically with each path.
 
      You will confirm all the paths displayed in the  
            boxes in the reference dialogue window.      


$\diamondsuit$
      To resist files,
      each user can select each file, and click   the [登録
      Register] button in the     dialogue.  

\item [4.] According to the message prompt, type the name of
            the registered files, and click the [登録 Register]
            button in the message box. 

       A new file named ``(file name).rif" will  be created
            in the Y\llap=dic folder.

\item [5.] Select [辞書ファイル登録 Register dictionary
            file(D)]    from the menu bar [リポジトリ 
            Repository(R)] menu, and    register dictionary
            files.

      Indicate the paths of your favourite dictionary files
            as reference  in the  same way as when you
            chose rule  files before.

      By clicking [辞書ディレクトリ変更 Change directory
            for dictionary], you can refer to files and
            open the dictionary files  selected there 
            to set the registry. 

    In this process, when you indicate ``Y\llap=dic'' and 
            have  
            all the included dictionary files shown in the
            left side of the window, you should select
            favourite files by  clicking on them and just
            press   the [追加 Add] or [全追加 Add all]
            key ; 

      You will confirm those selected files displayed in the
            right side  of the window.

　 $\diamondsuit$
      To correct operations, press the [削除 
            Delete] or  [全削除 Delete  all] key. 

\item [6.] According to the message prompt, type    the name of
            the registered files, and click the [登録 Register]
            button in the message box. 

       A new file named ``(file name).dif" is created in the
            Y\llap=dic  folder.
       
\item [7.] Select [プロジェクト定義 Define project(P)]     from
            the menu bar [プロジェクト Project(P)] menu and   
            type the path to the [規則ファイルディレクトリ／
            規則インデックスファイル    Rule file directory/
            rule index  file].  

(The [登録 Reference]   button will help you select
                the index
            file created before ;    normally, you should
            indicate the Y\llap=dic folder including such
            a file as `jumanrc'.)

      Operate with the [追加 Add] and   [削除 Delete] key
            in selection of [辞書ファイルディレクトリ／辞書
            インデックスファイル Dictionary file/dictionary
            index file] (This equals the selection of    the
            already created index files).

      After finish of all these definition, press the 
           [OK] key. 

\item [8.] Click [パーザ作成 Create parser(C)] in the menu bar
            [プロジェクト Project(P)] and press the    [実
            行 run] key to compile the  registered rule and
            dictionary files.


\begin{itembox}[c]{\bf Note} 

It takes a long time until the completion of
 creating a parser.

\end{itembox}


\item [9.] After finish of the compilation of the     
            selected rule and dictionary files,  kind of new
            software for morphological analysis is created.

\end{description}

      By now, follow the instructions as described in the
former section {\it to use the already compiled parser}, and
analyse desirable text morphologically through Winmorph.
 

%\end{document}


%\documentstyle[a4j,ascmac,manual]{jarticle}
%\begin{document}


\section{\sl Conception of Morphological Analysis}

This chapter covers the following information: \\

 the conception of morphological analysis and the function 
of software for this analysis

\begin{itemize}

\item  Morphological Analysis and Computer Software

\begin{itemize}
\item   On Morphological Analysis

\begin{itemize}
\item     Morpheme
  
\item     goki, haseiji, kussetsuji

\end{itemize}
\item   On Software for Morphological Analysis

\end{itemize}
  
\item  Explanation of the Working Concept

\item  Explanation of the Functional Concept

\item  Explanation of the Part of the Morphological 
       Analysis-Driving Data and Creating the Data

\end{itemize}

\subsection{Morphological Analysis and Computer Software}
{\center \subsubsection*{\it On Morphological Analysis} }
\paragraph{Morpheme}

Dividing words will lead to parts called ``morpheme".

Morpheme means the smallest divided linguistic form.

Linguistic explanation of morpheme follows below, quoting
basically ``日本文法体系論 (Systematic Treatise of Japanese
Grammar)" by Kenzo Morioka.  

  Morphemes can be divided into two sorts in the light of 
 the form.
(1) One is called `free form' which is pronounced
solely as the division from other forms. (2)The other is
`bound form' which is pronounced serially combining with
others.

 For example : in the case of a sentence as ``単語を分割し
てゆくと(tango wo bunkatsushite ikuto : dividing words ...)"

単語を(tango wo), 単語(tango),分割してゆくと
(bunkatsushiteikuto), 分割して(bunkatsusite), etc. are
classified in free form. And を(wo), してゆく(shiteiku), ゆ
くと(ikuto), と(to), etc. are bound form.


\paragraph{ 語基 goki、派生辞 haseiji、屈折辞 kussetsuji}
 $\rightarrow$
 {\bf goki} --  basis(radical,theme), {\bf haseiji} --
derivative  endding(derivation),  {\bf kussetsuji} --
inflexion(inflectional suffix)

\subparagraph*{$\spadesuit$ {\sf goki}}

      ``goki" is a morpheme which is a basic word form to 
 derive or inflect others : like `単語 tango' and 
`分割す(る)
bunkatsusuru' as described above.  cf.``goki" is a smaller
basic unit than the stem of a word.     

\subparagraph*{$\spadesuit$ {\sf haseiji}}

     ``haseiji" is a morpheme to combine with ``goki" and
derive other words.  `(し)てゆ(く)(と) (shi)tei(ku)(to)' as
above ; prefix, infix, or  suffix corresponds to this.

\subparagraph*{$\spadesuit$ {\sf kussetsuji}}

    ``kussetsuji" is a morpheme to combine with goki and
create a ``kussetsugo"(inflexed word). 
Postpositional particle and inflected conjugation or 
comparison like `(単語)を (tango)wo', `(分割し)て 
(bunkatsushi)te',and `(ゆ)く (i)ku' as shown before are
equal to this.

  For example : a sentence of ``単語を分割してゆくとそれ
以上分割できない最小の形式に達する。

\hspace{2.6cm}(tango wo bunkastusuruto koreijyou
bunkatsudekinai saishouno tann-i ni tassuru. - Dividing
  words
will lead to parts which cannot be divided anymore.)"

`単語 tango', `を wo', `分割す(る) bunkatsusu(ru)', `ゆ(く)
i(ku)',`と to',`それ sore', `以上 ijou', `分割でき(る)
bunkatsudeki(ru),', `な(い) na(i)', `最小 saishou', `の
 no',
`形式 keishiki', `に ni', `達す(る) tassu(ru)', and `。'
are all morphemes.

 These morphemes are listed in the table below : 

\begin{verbatim}

        morpheme                  categories

----------------------------+---------------------

「単語 tango」                   goki
  
「を wo」                        kussetsuji
 
「分割す(る) bunkatsusu(ru)」    goki
  
「て te」                        haseiji
  
「ゆ(く) i(ku)」                 haseiji
  
「く ku」                        kussetsuji
  
「と to」                        kussetsuji
  
「それ sore」                    goki
 
「以上 ijou」                    goki
  
「分割でき(る) bunkatsudeki(ru)」goki
  
「き ki」                        haseiji
  
「な(い) na(i)」                 goki
  
「い i」                         kussetsuji
  
「最小 saishou」                 goki
 
「の no」                        kussetsuji
  
「形式 keishiki」                goki
  
「に ni」                        kussetsuji
  
「達す(る) tassu(ru)」           goki
  
「る ru」                        kussetsuji
  
「。」                           goki

----------------------------+---------------------
\end{verbatim}
 
 It is characteristic in Japanese that each morpheme
combines with others in a series and 
text has no definite end 
of a word or partition of a sentence .  

%("Morphological analysis" is splitting text into
%morphemes,categorize each morphemes with dictionaries
%【何かまどろっこしい】.


{\center \subsubsection*{\it On Softwares for Morphological
Analysis} }

  Software for morphological analysis is one to analyse
text morphologically by computer.

  It separates a string entered into a computer, and divides
more into a series of morphemes,    referring to each index
of morphological dictionaries.  This description where the
appropriate ways of division into morphemes are written
 is called `morphological analysis rules'.   

  In such a word as ``を wo" for instance, ``単語 tango"
connects with the word ``を wo", but ``分割す(る)
bunkatsusu(ru)" is not to be followed by it.

   Therefore, morphological analysis consists of those parts : 

1. to divide words or control the way of division

2. to judge as to whether the divided strings are registered
in morphological dictionaries

3. to consult as to whether the connections of the divided
morphemes are proper
  
   We call the thing of 1 `a morphological analysis engine',
and a set of 2 and 3 ` morphological analysis - driving
data'.    


\subsection{
Explanation of the Working Concept}

  Morphological analysis software works as 
when text strings are input, it outputs the strings of
the morphemes of the text as the resulting analysis.  

  The working concept of the software is as described in 
the following figure :   


\bfg
\bmpfile(10cm,5cm){working_morph_e.bmp}
\efg{Software for Morphological Analysis}


%{\small
%\begin{verbatim}
%
%                +--------------+
%                                    
%                | morphological|
%                    analysis
%                +-+  engine  +-+
%                                 
%input  --->     | +----------+ | ---> morphologically
%  strings                               analysed result 
%                | morphological|
%                    analysis-      
%                | driving data |                        %            
%                +--------------+
%                                     
%                  morphological
%                   analyser (parser)
%                (apparatus for morphological analysis)  
%
%              
%              Software for Morphological Analysis   
%              -----------------------------------
%\end{verbatim} }

  A `paser'(morphological analyser) is the one that puts
together a morphological analysis engine and morphological
analysis-driving data.

\subsection{Explanation of the Functional Concept}

  The basic function of  software for morphological
analysis is to change input strings into the strings of
the morphemes.

  On the assumption that it analyses the following input 
 text :

\vspace*{8mm}

Input string :  「日本語の形態素解析の機能を説明します」
   
\hspace{2.3cm} ``nihongo no keitaisokaiseki no kinou wo
setsumeishimasu"   

\vspace{8mm}
   The resulting analysis  is as follows : 

\vspace*{8mm}

Executed result :  -日本語-の-形態素-解析-の-機能-を-説明-し-ま-す- 


\hspace{2.5cm}
``-nihongo-no-keitaiso-kaiseki-no-kinou-wo-setsumei-si-ma-su" 

   It provides morphological dictionary data concerning the
classified names of  morphemes, how to read(sound) them,
etc., as appendix. \\

\begin{verbatim}
        
        morpheme   classified name     reading 
       -----------+---------------+------------------------ 
      
        「           開き括弧      ひらきかっこ hirakikakko
                     hirakikakko
        日本語       体言語基      にほんご hihongo
                     taigengoki
        の           連体助辞      の no
                     rentaijoji
        形態素       体言語基      けいたいそ keitaiso
                     taigengoki 
        解析         体言語基      かいせき kaiseki
                     taigengoki 
        の           連体助辞      の no
                     rentaijoji
        機能         体言語基      きのう kinou
                     taigengoki
        を           格助辞        を wo
                     kakujoji
        説明         体言語基      せつめい setsumei
                     taigengoki 
        し           用言語基「する」 し shi
                     yougengoki`suru'
        ま           丁寧接辞「ます」 ま ma
                 teineisetsuji `masu'
        す           活用助辞「す」   す su
                   katsuyoujoji `su' 
        」           閉じ括弧      とじかっこ tojikakko
                     tojikakko   

       -----------+---------------+------------------------
\end{verbatim}

\vspace*{1.5cm}

$\Diamond$ {\it cf.}
\begin{description}  
\item    [ `hirakikakko',`tojikakko'] : quotation mark,
               bracketing

\item    [ `taigengoki'] : goki for nouns(indeclinable words
               that can stand as kind of the subject of a
               sentence),(nominal goki)

\item    [ `yougengoki'] : goki for verbs,
               adjectives,(declinable words), (verbal goki)

\item    [ `rentaijoji'] : affix for connection with nouns

\item    [ `kakujoji' ]  : affix for cases

\item    [`teineisetsuji'] : affix for expression of
               politeness

\item    [`katsuyoujoji'] : affix for conjugations 

\item    [`fukuyougengoki'] : goki for adverbials

\end{description}

\newpage

\subsubsection{Part of Morphological Analysis-Driving Data}

  The part of morphological analysis-driving data memorizes
the information (morphological dictionary data and morpheme
connection rules) for a morphological analysis engine to
transform text strings into the connected morpheme strings 
 by using that. 

\bfg
\bmpfile(4cm,3cm){data.bmp}
\efg{}


%{\small 
%\begin{verbatim}
%
%        +-+          +-+
%
%        | +----------+ |
%
%        | morphological|
%         
%        |   analysis-  |
%                       
%        | driving data |
%
%        +--------------+
%\end{verbatim} }

   In order to make software for morphological analysis,
generally, we do this by ourselves; we create data files 
in  a  
form as it includes comprehensive knowledge of mother
tongue(Japanese) Studies and linguistics, and likeliness of
people's understanding.

   That is, we need to write files of which description is
on data of morphological dictionaries and morpheme 
juncture rules for analysis.   

  Moreover, those are changed by transformational software  
into the data form to be used in a
morphological analysis engine.  With a set of morphological
analysis-driving data created in this way and a
morphological analysis engine, we are enabled to execute
morphological analysis.  

  The way a parser is composed, the main functional
part of morphological analysis software, can be explained
by means of a diagram, as below :  

  [1] Make a file using text editor.
%\begin{verbatim}
%
%  +----------------------+
%
%  | morpheme dictionary  | 
%            data
%  +----------------------+
%
%  +----------------------+
%
%  | morpheme juncture    |
%        rules file      
%  +----------------------+
%\end{verbatim}

\bfg
\bmpfile(5cm,3cm){makefile_e.bmp}
\efg{}




\newpage
  [2] Convert the data format of the file.

%\begin{verbatim}
%
%  +----------------------+            +-+          +-+
%
%  | morpheme dictionary  |            | +----------+ |
%                   data  
%  +----------------------+  --------> | morphological|  % 
%                            transform    analysis-
%  +----------------------+    data    |   driving    |
%                                                data
%  | morpheme juncture    |            +--------------+
%        rules file
%  +----------------------+
%\end{verbatim}

\bfg
\bmpfile(10cm,3cm){transform_data_e.bmp}
\efg{}


  [3] Set a parser going (Create a parser and operate).

%\begin{verbatim}
%
%        +--------------+
%
%        | morphological|
%            analysis 
%        +-+  engine  +-+
%             
%        | +----------+ |
%
%        | morphological|
%          analysis-
%        | driving data |
%               
%        +--------------+
%\end{verbatim}

\bfg
\bmpfile(4cm,3cm){parser_e.bmp}
\efg{}


  [4] Input text for morphological analysis  


%データの作成
\subsection{ Creating the Data}

%1. 形態素辞書データ
\subsubsection { Morphological dictionary data}

  On the method of creating  morphological dictionary data,
we write down indices in particular to  a morpheme and repeat
this for each morpheme.

  Basic indices of morphological dictionary data are
the entry form of the morpheme(head form), the classified
name of the
morpheme, the reading(sound), and other information.

  The following description is structurally about
those indices :

\begin{itembox}[c]{\bf Basic Index of Dictionary Data}
 
  (a) Description of Morpheme( Entry of
 Dictionary ) 

  (b) Classified Name of Morpheme 1,(Classefied Name2,3..) 
 
  (c) Reading 

  (d) Other Dictionary  Information 

\end{itembox}

\vspace{7mm}

For example :

{\bf ``単語 tango''}

\begin{enumerate}
\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\theenumii\arabic{enumi}.}
\begin{enumerate}
\item  
   Description of Morpheme\\単語
\item
   Classified Name of Morpheme\\体言語基 taigengoki
\item  
   Reading \\たんご tango
\item
   Other Dictionary Information  \\ --
\end{enumerate}
\end{enumerate}

{\bf ``分ける wakeru''}

\begin{enumerate}
\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\theenumii\arabic{enumi}.}
\begin{enumerate}
\item
   Description of Morpheme \\ 分け 
\item  
   Classified Name of Morpheme \\ 用言語基 yougengoki, ウ系
     弱変化 ukei jakuhenka

\item 
   Reading \\ わけ wake
\item 
   Other Dictionary Information  \\ --
\end{enumerate}
\end{enumerate}

\vspace{7mm}

 The precise data format differs from each
 morphological analysis software. 


%2. 形態素連接規則の作成
\subsubsection{Creating morpheme juncture rules}

  Morpheme juncture rules are data which describe how
the appropriate connections of morphemes are (in other 
words, it means which morpheme follows which morphemes).

{\center \paragraph*{Basic Description of Juncture Rules}}

  Taking a morpheme as an example, the possibility of its
connection as followed by other morphemes is all covered.


 We can give the conceptual figure of the junctures as
described below for instance :

\begin{verbatim}

        morpheme A --  juncture -- morpheme B

        morpheme A --  juncture -- morpheme C

        ...
\end{verbatim}

In another way, it can be written as connection matrix like
this :


{\small \begin{verbatim}

                        A       B       C      D ...

        morpheme A      x       x       x      x

        morpheme B      o       x       o      x

        morpheme C      o       o       ...

        morpheme D      x       x       ...

        ...

\end{verbatim}} 
\vspace{7mm}

  The data format differs from each software in details.


\end{document}
]













